A combined flag for Zimbabwe since 1979.
African opposition to the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) and the white-led regime in Rhodesia manifested itself through an increasing guerilla struggle waged from initially Zambia and then also from Mozambique. In 1978 the Rhodesian Government reached a compromise with "internal" African leaders resulting in first time universal suffrage elections in February 1979. This led to the establishment of a black led government under Bishop Abel Muzorewa and the formation of Zimbabwe Rhodesia on 01 June 1979.
As the external guerilla leaders were not accommodated the new state was not recognised (although Margaret Thatcher did attempt to secure recognition at the Commonwealth Heads of Govt. meeting in Lusaka in August 1979) and UN sanctions were maintained and the guerilla struggle continued. A new flag to reflect the changing political dispensation was hoisted on 02 September 1979. This flag has a vertical black stripe, with white fimbriation, at the hoist, with three horizontal stripes of red, white and green in the fly. A yellow Zimbabwe Bird is in the black stripe in the canton.
The flag of Zimbabwe Rhodesia was designed by Flight Lieutenant Cedric Herbert of the Rhodesian Air Force and a member of the Rhodesian Heraldry and Genealogy Society. The design incorporates the pan-African colours of yellow, black, green and red with the following explanation:
Black symbolises the achievement of majority rule in the country, red is for the struggle for independence, yellow represents the mineral wealth and green the agricultural and natural resources of the country. The vertical white stripe represents the white community while the central horizontal white stripe represents peace.